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Setting the Date for Passover

Bible prophecy gives us the signs of the End of Time. How do we know it is the End Time, the Last Days? How do we know if a belief or doctrine on this, and other issues, is truth? Our hope and prayer at Ministry of Elijah’s Message is that we might serve as an encouragement to all Bible students to examine any and all doctrine, as did the faithful Bereans (Acts 17:10-11) against the solid Word, checking text upon text, precept upon precept, and line upon line, to see if the purposed doctrine or teaching harmonizes with all of Scripture. And then to only accept that which does harmonize with all sixty-six books of Scripture, and to disregard the rest.

Sacred Names have been restored in this article. Our Heavenly Father’s name is YAH which we are commanded to exalt [Ps. 68:4], His Son came in His name, John 5:43, Yah-u-shua, which means "YAH will save". He was not Greek. He was Jewish with a Jewish name, [Prov. 30:4] The pagan word G-d took the place of the Hebrew word for ‘Mighty Ones’ which is Elohim (meaning The Father, His Son and Their Set-apart (Holy) Spirit). The singular form is Eloi, which our Blessed Messiah called out from the cross when He took our place and faced the second death that all who believes on Him might have life eternal… “And at the ninth hour Yahushua cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My El, My El, why have You forsaken Me? Mark 15:34}

Setting the Date for Passover

   The majority of the “Christian” world celebrates Easter, which is a pagan holiday and never mentioned in the Bible. This observance was put into force, through man’s laws, as was prophesied would happen in Daniel 7:25 and was fulfilled in 364 AD at the Synod of Laodicea. At this council, at the instigation of Justinian, the decree was passed making it illegal to observe Passover, or any other of the annual Holy Days of the Most High, which the Jews and Early Christians had faithfully kept. And it was at this same time that the pagan holidays usurped the Holy Days of Yah, our Elohim.

      It was probably about this time when our Blessed Savior’s name was also changed from the original Hebrew name of, Yahushua (or Yahshua), which has great significance, to that of a Greek name without meaning, except to identify Him with a pagan goddess of healing. We are commanded not to even mention the names of idols, Ex. 23:13 and Josh. 23:7, or to take their names upon our lips. Instead, in Acts 3:21 we are promised the restoration of all of His divine matters just before Messiah’s awesome return. This author believes His Name, His Holy Days and the perfection of His Law, which reveals His beautiful character, will be revealed to those, in these last days, that are searching for Truth. May our Elohim of love, mercy and truth be upon me as I relate to you the understanding He has caused me to believe.

     Setting the month in which Passover is to be held each year seems to be a bit of a problem for many. Those who follow the Scriptural commandments to observe the appointed times are split, it seems, between several camps. 1.) There are those who observe Passover, as it is given on the Hillel II calendar, kept by most Jews today. 2.) There are those who observe the date set by the first sighting of the moon in conjunction with the first ripening of the barley. 3.) There are still some, who maintain that the twelfth chapter of Exodus gives the means of knowing when to set the date for Passover.

     Any one of these camps, by their calculations, ultimately sets the dates of the remaining year’s annual festival observances, as well, according to the initial date arrived at for Passover. When Messiah comes to take His bride home, His bride, the Body of Christ, will be in harmony, in unity, as they walk in His truth. There can only be one way of setting the correct date of Passover. Let us explore the three ways mentioned and see if one or any harmonize with Scripture.

      It appears the majority of individuals today are searching for more from their religion than the experience they have already had. Man has been given an innate desire to worship. As expression, this desire manifests itself in many forms. We desire the exotic, the unusual, the romantic, the weird, the morbid, the serene, the loud, and many other forms of worship depending upon our particular personality makeup and circumstances. Many are finding freedom of expression for their faith through the rites and ceremonies passed down through the Talmud, the Koran, and various other religious matter. Does it matter to Him which style we desire to manifest? Is it important to find out what pleases the Most High Creator of all things? To find the answers, should we follow our own inclinations, the teachings of men, or go to His Word?  

      It appears the first and second camp of Passover date setters are inclined to follow the teachings of the Talmud. The Talmud (tal’mood), which means ‘learning’ and is a collection of writings, constituting the Jewish civil and religious law: it consists of two parts, the Mishnah (text) and the Gemara (commentary), but the term is sometimes restricted to the Gemara: cf. Halakha and Haggada. (New World Dictionary) The writings of the Sages (learned men) of the Talmud are not always in agreement with each other. And we find that many of their civil and religious laws were not what our Heavenly Father wanted. Speaking of the Pharisees, our Blessed Messiah said, “For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.” Matthew 23:4 (KJV) 

     What “heavy burdens” did the Pharisees, Sages, lay on “men’s shoulders”? We are warned, “To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.” Isaiah 8:20 (KJV) In order to detect the counterfeit, one must first study, and be fully acquainted with, the original. With this in mind let’s take a look at the Scripture text that first discusses the Passover. We find that the introduction to the Passover observance is found in Exodus, chapter twelve:

    “And Yah spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, This month shall be to you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.

    Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: And if the household is too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his house take it according to the number of the beings; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: you shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: And you shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, where they shall eat it. And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the bowels. And you shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remains of it until the morning you shall burn with fire.

    And thus shall you eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste: it is Yah's Passover. For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the mighty ones of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am Yah. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where you are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. And this day shall be to you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to Yah throughout your generations; you shall keep it a feast as an ordinance for ever.” Exodus 12:1-14

    We find in this text not one mention of barley or grain, except that their bread was to be made without leavening. It doesn’t say whether that bread was made from old grain or fresh grain. It does, however, establish the order of dates as, “This month shall be to you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.” “In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb… And you shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.” “you shall keep it a feast as an ordinance for ever.”

      When we look at all of the Scripture texts about the Passover, none mention a barley harvest or even talk about grain. The closest to this is found in Deut. 16:1; “Observe the month of Abib, and keep the Passover unto Yah your Elohim: for in the month of Abib Yah your Elohim brought you out of Egypt by night.” In this text is the Babylonian name for the first month, Abib, which means ‘being tender’ as perhaps ‘the first, the beginning’,  of the year as in the beginning or tender development of growth.

      Most assume this means tender as in grain since ‘barley’ is the first of all edible grain to ripen in Israel…”Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them, When you come into the land which I give to you, and shall reap the harvest of it, then you shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest: And he shall wave the sheaf before Yah, to be accepted for you: on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.” Leviticus 23:10-11 Because of this text many assume that Abib (or Aviv) means ‘barley’.

     This concept, of the barley is needed to reckon the date for Passover, originated with the Pharisaical leaders and has been perpetuated through the writings and teachings of the Talmud to this day. But this teaching can not be found in Scripture. The original plan of our Heavenly Father as delivered through Moses at Mount Sinai was simple. In the first month on the fourteenth day was Passover. His Word was given in terms that a little child could understand. Why then is it that grown Bible scholars can not figure out the complicated calculations and reckonings of the Passover? Must the announcement of the Rabbis be given to proclaim when Passover is to take place?

     How do we know which month is the first month? By the signs He gave in His heavens we may know these things, Gen. 1:14; “And Elohim said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:” But Satan has ever sought to change these signs, seasons, days, and years. “And he shall speak great words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of time”. Daniel 7:25 and, “For you have said in your heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of Elohim: I will sit also upon the appointed times, in the sides of the north (Vatican): I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the Most High”. Isaiah 14:13-14.

    Since time began to be recorded there has been a calendar. We don’t have to be in the dark on this matter. The Jewish calendar has gone through three periods during our world’s history. The first period was Biblical. The second period was the Talmudic period. And the third is referred to as the post-Talmudic period. Throughout the Biblical period calendar understanding was based solely on the observation of the sun and the moon, as our Creator designed it should be. We are being called to come back to the original design.

    As Satan caused to replace, for a time, the holy days of Yah with counterfeit holidays, the enemy has also made a counterfeit science of the signs Yah has given to be a blessing to us for the science that reveals the Story of Redemption. Our Heavenly Father designed the vast array of stars in such a manner that, when properly studied, tell the entire plan of redemption through astronomy, the science of the constellations. To keep man in darkness, Satan counterfeited these beautiful gifts with what is known as astrology, fortunetelling through the reading of the stars.

    This counterfeit has placed a shadow in the minds of people concerning the true science of the stars. As a result a crafty diversion was created to take the emphasis away from the heavenly display and revelation. In doing this, he was successful in hiding one more means Yah gave of telling the true story. He did this in order to keep the thoughts of the people on the earthly, temporary matters…that is of finding the first ripened barley, instead of the heavenly matters that should occupy their time. Satan also knew that in doing this he would cause more reasons for division among the people.

    Why was this allowed? Because our forefathers did not have a love for the truth so they were given up to believe the lies, 2 Thess. 2:3-11. How did it happen? Through the vain pen of the scribes and Pharisees, Jer. 8:8, and chapter 23. But He says, “Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.” Matthew 23:27 (KJV) What did He mean? Because of their false teachings a great multitude would go the way of the enemy and their spilled blood will be on the hands of those who dreamed up the false teachings and those who passed them on through their leadership to the people.

    The Hebrew calendar was based on the lunar month of 29.5 days. Because of this the lunar year of 354.25 days fell short of the solar year of 365.25 days. To make adjustments for this, every two to three years an intercalary month was inserted, called Adar II. Originally, there were no names given to the lunar months. These months were called First month, Second month, etc. as found in Exodus 12:2, and  Deut. 16:1.

     Originally, the word Abib was not a factor in the process of establishing the date of the Passover. During the Biblical period date setting was done entirely upon the observation of the sun and the moon. It was not until post Babylonian captivity that the months were given names. During the Talmudic period, in the days of our Blessed Messiah’s ministry, date setting was based on observation and the reckoning of barley. And the post Talmudic period is based solely on the reckoning of the barley.

    The ancient Hebrews studied astronomy very carefully. Daniel was an astronomer and it is reported that it was descendants, of the Babylonian followers under Daniel’s influence, that were the informed ‘Wise Men” that sought to be present for the birth of Immanuel, the Savior of the world, based on their calculations of the story told through the constellations.

    Messiah said, “For My yoke is easy, and My burden is light”. Matthew 11:30 *“But now, after you have known Elohim, or rather are known by Elohim, how do you turn again to the weak and poor elementary matters to which you wish to be enslaved again?” Galatians 4:9 *While this text applies to the Gentile converts wanting to return to their idolatry, it also aptly applies to this situation. We have been delivered from the tyranny of the commandments and regulations of men, yet many of us wish to return to “the weak and poor elementary matters to which you (the Jews) were enslaved”

    This brings to mind another point that should be discussed. With the Ultimate Sacrifice of the Lamb of Yah, “…He shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week He shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation (offerings) to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.” Daniel 9:27 The rituals of sacrifices and offerings ceased with His death on the stake. The temple was destroyed and with it the Levitical priesthood. The Jewish rabbis deny Christ as our Messiah and until 1978 there were no Messianic rabbis. But regarding the wave sheaf, “…he shall wave the sheaf before Yah, to be accepted for you: on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.” Leviticus 23:11 So who was to perform the wave sheaf before Yah all this time?

    Was not Yahshua the Firstfruits, and the risen saints a type of the 144,000? “…and the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose, and came out of the graves after His resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared to many.” Matthew 27:52-53 Why are we so intent on doing works and ceremonies that bind us to the laws of the Pharisees instead of looking to the future coming of our Blessed Messiah, Yahushua haMachiah?

    Is not our mission in this life to be as our Blessed Example? Of the Pharisees, who wrote the Talmud He said, “Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.” Matthew 15:14. “But seek ye first the kingdom of Elohim, and His righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you.” Matthew 6:33

Summary: Biblical evidence indicates to this author that His Word is so simple a child can understand it. Bible texts indicate that Yah our Elohim gave the lights of the heavens for the calculations of dates for the appointed times. Because the word 'Aviv' or Abib has the meaning of 'tender' as in beginning it seems apparent that the first month of His year must start in the spring. Therefore it indicates that the first new moon on the spring side of the equinox would be the start of the first month of the year. It is a command that Passover be held on the fourteenth day of the first month. This calculation is in harmony with His Word and so simple a child, anywhere in the world, can understand and obey it. Praise His Almighty Name, Yah.

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Revised 2005-03-18